@article {67211,
	title = {High-fidelity estimates of spikes and subthreshold waveforms from 1-photon voltage imaging in~vivo.},
	journal = {Cell Reports},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Apr 06},
	pages = {108954},
	abstract = {<p>The ability to probe the membrane potential of multiple genetically defined neurons simultaneously would have a profound impact on neuroscience research. Genetically encoded voltage indicators are a promising tool for this purpose, and recent developments have achieved a high signal-to-noise ratio in\&nbsp;vivo with 1-photon fluorescence imaging. However, these recordings exhibit several sources of noise and signal extraction remains a challenge. We present an improved signal extraction pipeline, spike-guided penalized matrix decomposition-nonnegative matrix factorization (SGPMD-NMF), which resolves supra- and subthreshold voltages in\&nbsp;vivo. The method incorporates biophysical and optical constraints. We validate the pipeline with simultaneous patch-clamp and optical recordings from mouse layer 1 in\&nbsp;vivo and with simulated and composite datasets with realistic noise. We demonstrate applications to mouse hippocampus expressing paQuasAr3-s or SomArchon1, mouse cortex expressing SomArchon1 or Voltron, and zebrafish spines expressing zArchon1.</p>
},
	issn = {2211-1247},
	doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108954},
	author = {Xie, Michael E and Adam, Yoav and Fan, Linlin Z and B{\"o}hm, Urs L and Kinsella, Ian and Zhou, Ding and Rozsa, Marton and Singh, Amrita and Svoboda, Karel and Paninski, Liam and Cohen, Adam E}
}
