@article {69320,
	title = {Focal adhesions contain three specialized actin nanoscale layers},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2024},
	month = {2024 Mar 21},
	abstract = {<p>Focal adhesions (FAs) connect inner workings of cell to the extracellular matrix to control cell adhesion, migration and mechanosensing. Previous studies demonstrated that FAs contain three vertical layers, which connect extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. By using super-resolution iPALM microscopy, we identify two additional nanoscale layers within FAs, specified by actin filaments bound to tropomyosin isoforms Tpm1.6 and Tpm3.2. The Tpm1.6-actin filaments, beneath the previously identified α-actinin cross-linked actin filaments, appear critical for adhesion maturation and controlled cell motility, whereas the adjacent Tpm3.2-actin filament layer beneath seems to facilitate adhesion disassembly. Mechanistically, Tpm3.2 stabilizes ACF-7/MACF1 and KANK-family proteins at adhesions, and hence targets microtubule plus-ends to FAs to catalyse their disassembly. Tpm3.2 depletion leads to disorganized microtubule network, abnormally stable FAs, and defects in tail retraction during migration. Thus, FAs are composed of distinct actin filament layers, and each may have specific roles in coupling adhesions to the cytoskeleton, or in controlling adhesion dynamics.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-46868-7},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46868-7https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46868-7.pdfhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46868-7.pdfhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46868-7},
	author = {Kumari, Reena and Ven, Katharina and Chastney, Megan and Kokate, Shrikant B. and Per{\"a}nen, Johan and Aaron, Jesse and Kogan, Konstantin and Almeida-Souza, Leonardo and Kremneva, Elena and Poincloux, Renaud and Chew, Teng-Leong and Gunning, Peter W. and Ivaska, Johanna and Lappalainen, Pekka}
}
@article {65197,
	title = {Superresolution architecture of cornerstone focal adhesions in human pluripotent stem cells.},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Oct 18},
	pages = {4756},
	abstract = {<p>While it is clear that key transcriptional programmes are important for maintaining pluripotency, the requirement for cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix remains poorly defined. Human pluripotent stem cells\&nbsp;(hPSCs) form colonies encircled by an actin ring and large stable cornerstone focal adhesions (FA). Using superresolution two-colour interferometric photo-activated localisation microscopy, we examine the three-dimensional architecture of cornerstone adhesions and report vertical lamination of FA proteins with three main structural features distinct from previously studied focal adhesions: 1) integrin β5 and talin are present at high density, at the edges of cornerstone FA, adjacent to a vertical kank-rich protein wall, 2) vinculin localises higher than previously reported, displaying a head-above-tail orientation, and 3) surprisingly, actin and α-actinin are present in two discrete z-layers. Finally, we report that depletion of kanks diminishes FA patterning, and actin organisation within the colony, indicating a role for kanks in hPSC colony architecture.</p>
},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-12611-w},
	author = {Stubb, Aki and Guzm{\'a}n, Camilo and N{\"a}rv{\"a}, Elisa and Aaron, Jesse and Chew, Teng-Leong and Saari, Markku and Miihkinen, Mitro and Jacquemet, Guillaume and Ivaska, Johanna}
}
