@article {67181,
	title = {A novel family of secreted insect proteins linked to plant gall development.},
	journal = {Current Biology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 May 10},
	pages = {1836},
	abstract = {<p>In an elaborate form of inter-species exploitation, many insects hijack plant development to induce novel plant organs called galls that provide the insect with a source of nutrition and a temporary home. Galls result from dramatic reprogramming of plant cell biology driven by insect molecules, but the roles of specific insect molecules in gall development have not yet been determined. Here, we study the aphid Hormaphis cornu, which makes distinctive "cone" galls on leaves of witch hazel Hamamelis virginiana. We found that derived genetic variants in the aphid gene determinant of gall color (dgc) are associated with strong downregulation of dgc transcription in aphid salivary glands, upregulation in galls of seven genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis, and deposition of two red anthocyanins in galls. We hypothesize that aphids inject DGC protein into galls and that this results in differential expression of a small number of plant genes. dgc is a member of a large, diverse family of novel predicted secreted proteins characterized by a pair of widely spaced cysteine-tyrosine-cysteine (CYC) residues, which we named BICYCLE proteins. bicycle genes are most strongly expressed in the salivary glands specifically of galling aphid generations, suggesting that they may regulate many aspects of gall development. bicycle genes have experienced unusually frequent diversifying selection, consistent with their potential role controlling gall development in a molecular arms race between aphids and their host plants.</p>
},
	issn = {1879-0445},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.104},
	author = {Korgaonkar, Aishwarya and Han, Clair and Lemire, Andrew L and Siwanowicz, Igor and Bennouna, Djawed and Kopec, Rachel E and Andolfatto, Peter and Shigenobu, Shuji and Stern, David L}
}
@article {65900,
	title = {Cis-regulatory variation in the shavenbaby gene underlies intraspecific phenotypic variation, mirroring interspecific divergence in the same trait.},
	journal = {Evolution},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Dec 14},
	abstract = {<p>Despite considerable progress in recent decades in dissecting the genetic causes of natural morphological variation, there is limited understanding of how variation within species ultimately contributes to species differences. We have studied patterning of the non-sensory hairs, commonly known as "trichomes," on the dorsal cuticle of first-instar larvae of Drosophila. Most Drosophila species produce a dense lawn of dorsal trichomes, but a subset of these trichomes were lost in D. sechellia and D. ezoana due entirely to regulatory evolution of the shavenbaby (svb) gene. Here, we describe intraspecific variation in dorsal trichome patterns of first-instar larvae of D. virilis that is similar to the trichome pattern variation identified previously between species. We found that a single large effect QTL, which includes svb, explains most of the trichome number difference between two D. virilis strains and that svb expression correlates with the trichome difference between strains. This QTL does not explain the entire difference between strains, implying that additional loci contribute to variation in trichome numbers. Thus, the genetic architecture of intraspecific variation exhibits similarities and differences with interspecific variation that may reflect differences in long-term and short-term evolutionary processes.</p>
},
	issn = {1558-5646},
	doi = {10.1111/evo.14142},
	author = {Soverna, Ana Faigon and Rodriguez, Nahuel Cabrera and Korgaonkar, Aishwarya and Hasson, Esteban and Stern, David L and Frankel, Nicol{\'a}s}
}
