@article {4385,
	title = {A gustotopic map of taste qualities in the mammalian brain.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {333},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011 Sep 2},
	pages = {1262-6},
	abstract = {<p>The taste system is one of our fundamental senses, responsible for detecting and responding to sweet, bitter, umami, salty, and sour stimuli. In the tongue, the five basic tastes are mediated by separate classes of taste receptor cells each finely tuned to a single taste quality. We explored the logic of taste coding in the brain by examining how sweet, bitter, umami, and salty qualities are represented in the primary taste cortex of mice. We used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to demonstrate topographic segregation in the functional architecture of the gustatory cortex. Each taste quality is represented in its own separate cortical field, revealing the existence of a gustotopic map in the brain. These results expose the basic logic for the central representation of taste.</p>
},
	keywords = {Afferent Pathways, Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cycloheximide, Inbred C57BL, Knockout, Mice, Molecular Imaging, Neurons, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Glutamate, Sweetening Agents, Taste, Taste Buds},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1204076},
	author = {Chen, Xiaoke and Gabitto, Mariano and Peng, Yueqing and Ryba, Nicholas J P and Zuker, Charles S}
}
@article {4288,
	title = {Learning-related fine-scale specificity imaged in motor cortex circuits of behaving mice.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {464},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Apr 22},
	pages = {1182-6},
	abstract = {<p>Cortical neurons form specific circuits, but the functional structure of this microarchitecture and its relation to behaviour are poorly understood. Two-photon calcium imaging can monitor activity of spatially defined neuronal ensembles in the mammalian cortex. Here we applied this technique to the motor cortex of mice performing a choice behaviour. Head-fixed mice were trained to lick in response to one of two odours, and to withhold licking for the other odour. Mice routinely showed significant learning within the first behavioural session and across sessions. Microstimulation and trans-synaptic tracing identified two non-overlapping candidate tongue motor cortical areas. Inactivating either area impaired voluntary licking. Imaging in layer 2/3 showed neurons with diverse response types in both areas. Activity in approximately half of the imaged neurons distinguished trial types associated with different actions. Many neurons showed modulation coinciding with or preceding the action, consistent with their involvement in motor control. Neurons with different response types were spatially intermingled. Nearby neurons (within approximately 150 mum) showed pronounced coincident activity. These temporal correlations increased with learning within and across behavioural sessions, specifically for neuron pairs with similar response types. We propose that correlated activity in specific ensembles of functionally related neurons is a signature of learning-related circuit plasticity. Our findings reveal a fine-scale and dynamic organization of the frontal cortex that probably underlies flexible behaviour.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animal, Animals, Axonal Transport, Behavior, Chemical, Choice Behavior, Inbred C57BL, Learning, Male, Mice, Motor Cortex, Motor Neurons, Neural Pathways, Odors, Pyramidal Cells, Reward, Stimulation, Time Factors, Tongue},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/nature08897},
	author = {Komiyama, Takaki and Sato, Takashi R and O{\textquoteright}Connor, Daniel H and Zhang, Ying-Xin and Huber, Daniel and Hooks, Bryan M and Gabitto, Mariano and Svoboda, Karel}
}
