@article {6502,
	title = {GFP Reconstitution Across Synaptic Partners (GRASP) defines cell contacts and synapses in living nervous systems.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Feb 7},
	pages = {353-63},
	abstract = {<p>The identification of synaptic partners is challenging in dense nerve bundles, where many processes occupy regions beneath the resolution of conventional light microscopy. To address this difficulty, we have developed GRASP, a system to label membrane contacts and synapses between two cells in living animals. Two complementary fragments of GFP are expressed on different cells, tethered to extracellular domains of transmembrane carrier proteins. When the complementary GFP fragments are fused to ubiquitous transmembrane proteins, GFP fluorescence appears uniformly along membrane contacts between the two cells. When one or both GFP fragments are fused to synaptic transmembrane proteins, GFP fluorescence is tightly localized to synapses. GRASP marks known synaptic contacts in C. elegans, correctly identifies changes in mutants with altered synaptic specificity, and can uncover new information about synaptic locations as confirmed by electron microscopy. GRASP may prove particularly useful for defining connectivity in complex nervous systems.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animal, Animals, Behavior, Biological, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Cells, Cultured, Electron, Genetically Modified, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Microscopy, Models, Mutation, Nervous System, Neurons, Synapses},
	issn = {0896-6273},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2007.11.030},
	author = {Feinberg, Evan H and Vanhoven, Miri K and Bendesky, Andres and Wang, George and Fetter, Richard D and Shen, Kang and Bargmann, Cornelia I}
}
@article {46415,
	title = {An innexin-dependent cell network establishes left-right neuronal asymmetry in C. elegans.},
	journal = {Cell},
	volume = {129},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007 May 18},
	pages = {787-99},
	abstract = {<p>Gap junctions are widespread in immature neuronal circuits, but their functional significance is poorly understood. We show here that a transient network formed by the innexin gap-junction protein NSY-5 coordinates left-right asymmetry in the developing nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans. nsy-5 is required for the left and right AWC olfactory neurons to establish stochastic, asymmetric patterns of gene expression during embryogenesis. nsy-5-dependent gap junctions in the embryo transiently connect the AWC cell bodies with those of numerous other neurons. Both AWCs and several other classes of nsy-5-expressing neurons participate in signaling that coordinates left-right AWC asymmetry. The right AWC can respond to nsy-5 directly, but the left AWC requires nsy-5 function in multiple cells of the network. NSY-5 forms hemichannels and intercellular gap-junction channels in Xenopus oocytes, consistent with a combination of cell-intrinsic and network functions. These results provide insight into gap-junction activity in developing circuits.</p>
},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Body Patterning, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Calcium Signaling, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Connexins, Functional Laterality, Gap Junctions, Membrane Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Net, Nervous System, Neurons, Olfactory Pathways},
	issn = {0092-8674},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.052},
	author = {Chuang, Chiou-Fen and Vanhoven, Miri K and Fetter, Richard D and Verselis, Vytas K and Bargmann, Cornelia I}
}
