@article {3086,
	title = {Tetrodotoxin infusions into the dorsal hippocampus block non-locomotor place recognition.},
	journal = {Hippocampus},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005 Mar 2},
	pages = {460-71},
	abstract = {<p>The hippocampus is critical for navigation in an open field. One component of this navigation requires the subject to recognize the target place using distal cues. The experiments presented in this report tested whether blocking hippocampal function would impair open field place recognition. Hungry rats were trained to press a lever on a feeder for food. In Experiment 1, they were passively transported with the feeder along a circular trajectory. Lever pressing was reinforced only if the feeder was passing through a 60 degrees -wide sector. Thus, rats preferentially lever pressed in the vicinity of the reward sector indicating that they recognized its location. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) infusions aimed at the dorsal hippocampi caused rats to substantially increase lever pressing with no preference for any region. The aim of Experiment 2 was to determine whether the TTX injections caused a loss of place recognition or a general increase of lever pressing. A separate group of rats was conditioned in a stationary apparatus to press the lever in response to a light. The TTX injections did not abolish preferential lever pressing in response to light. Lever pressing increased less than half as much as the TTX-induced increase in Experiment 1. When these animals with functional hippocampi could not determine the rewarded period because the light was always off, lever pressing increased much more and was similar to the TTX-induced increase in Experiment 1. We conclude that the TTX inactivation of the hippocampi impaired the ability to recognize the reward place.</p>
},
	keywords = {Anesthetics, Animal, Animals, Behavior, Disease Models, Feeding Behavior, Hippocampus, Local, Long-Evans, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Orientation, Rats, Space Perception, Tetrodotoxin},
	issn = {1050-9631},
	doi = {10.1002/hipo.20072},
	author = {Klement, Daniel and Pastalkova, Eva and Fenton, Andr{\'e} A}
}
@article {2349,
	title = {Object-location memory impairment in patients with thermal lesions to the right or left hippocampus.},
	journal = {Neuropsychologia},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004 Feb 25},
	pages = {1017-28},
	abstract = {<p>Memory for object-location was investigated by testing subjects with small unilateral thermolesions to the medial temporal lobe using small-scale 2D (Abstract) or large-scale 3D (Real) recall conditions. Four patients with lesions of the left hippocampus (LH), 10 patients with damage to the right hippocampus (RH) and 9 matched normal controls (NC) were tested. Six task levels were presented in a pseudorandom order. During each level, subjects viewed one to six different objects on the floor of a circular curtained arena 2.90 m in diameter for 10 s. Recall was tested by marking the locations of objects on a map of the arena (Abstract recall) and then by replacing the objects in the arena (Real recall). Two component errors were studied by calculating the Location Error (LE), independent of the object identity and the configuration error by finding the best match to the presented configuration. The RH group was impaired relative to the NC for nearly all combinations of recall and error types. An impairment was observed in this group even for one object and it deepened sharply with an increasing object number. Damage to the right perirhinal or parahippocampal cortices did not add to the impairment. Deficits in the LH group were also observed, but less consistently. The data indicate that spatial memory is strongly but not exclusively lateralised to the right medial temporal lobe.</p>
},
	keywords = {Adult, Anterior Temporal Lobectomy, Brain Damage, Brain Mapping, Cerebral, Chronic, Dominance, Electrocoagulation, Epilepsy, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Memory, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Postoperative Complications, Reference Values, Short-Term, Temporal Lobe, Visual},
	issn = {0028-3932},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.01.002},
	author = {Stepankova, Katerina and Fenton, Andr{\'e} A and Pastalkova, Eva and Kalina, Miroslav and Bohbot, V{\'e}ronique D}
}
