@article {68517, title = {Structured cerebellar connectivity supports resilient pattern separation.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {613}, year = {2023}, month = {2023 Jan 01}, pages = {543-549}, abstract = {

The cerebellum is thought to help\ detect and correct errors between intended and executed commands and is critical for social behaviours, cognition and emotion. Computations for motor control must be performed quickly to correct errors in real time and should be sensitive to small differences between patterns for fine error correction while being resilient to noise. Influential theories of cerebellar information processing have largely assumed random network connectivity, which increases the encoding capacity of the network{\textquoteright}s first layer. However, maximizing encoding capacity reduces the resilience to noise. To understand how neuronal circuits address this fundamental trade-off, we mapped the feedforward connectivity in the mouse cerebellar cortex using automated large-scale transmission electron microscopy and convolutional neural network-based image segmentation. We found that both the input and output layers of the circuit exhibit redundant and selective connectivity motifs, which contrast with prevailing models. Numerical simulations suggest that these redundant, non-random connectivity motifs increase the resilience to noise at a negligible cost to the overall encoding capacity. This work reveals how neuronal network structure can support a trade-off between encoding capacity and redundancy, unveiling principles of biological network architecture with implications for the design of artificial neural networks.

}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-05471-w}, author = {Nguyen, Tri M and Thomas, Logan A and Rhoades, Jeff L and Ricchi, Ilaria and Yuan, Xintong Cindy and Sheridan, Arlo and Hildebrand, David G C and Funke, Jan and Regehr, Wade G and Lee, Wei-Chung Allen} } @article {49275, title = {Lamellar projections in the endolymphatic sac act as a relief valve to regulate inner ear pressure.}, journal = {eLife}, volume = {7}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 Jun 19}, abstract = {

The inner ear is a fluid-filled closed-epithelial structure whose function requires maintenance of an internal hydrostatic pressure and fluid composition. The endolymphatic sac (ES) is a dead-end epithelial tube connected to the inner ear whose function is unclear. ES defects can cause distended ear tissue, a pathology often seen in hearing and balance disorders. Using live imaging of zebrafish larvae, we reveal that the ES undergoes cycles of slow pressure-driven inflation followed by rapid deflation. Absence of these cycles in mutants leads to distended ear tissue. Using serial-section electron microscopy and adaptive optics lattice light-sheet microscopy, we find a pressure relief valve in the ES comprised of partially separated apical junctions and dynamic overlapping basal lamellae that separate under pressure to release fluid. We propose that this lmx1-dependent pressure relief valve is required to maintain fluid homeostasis in the inner ear and other fluid-filled cavities.

}, issn = {2050-084X}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.37131}, author = {Swinburne, Ian A and Mosaliganti, Kishore R and Upadhyayula, Srigokul and Liu, Tsung-Li and Hildebrand, David G C and Tsai, Tony Y-C and Chen, Anzhi and Al-Obeidi, Ebaa and Fass, Anna K and Malhotra, Samir and Engert, Florian and Lichtman, Jeff W and Kirchausen, Tomas and Betzig, Eric and Megason, Sean G} } @article {45032, title = {Imaging ATUM ultrathin section libraries with WaferMapper: a multi-scale approach to EM reconstruction of neural circuits.}, journal = {Frontiers in Neural Circuits}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jun 27}, pages = {68}, abstract = {

The automated tape-collecting ultramicrotome (ATUM) makes it possible to collect large numbers of ultrathin sections quickly-the equivalent of a petabyte of high resolution images each day. However, even high throughput image acquisition strategies generate images far more slowly (at present ~1 terabyte per day). We therefore developed WaferMapper, a software package that takes a multi-resolution approach to mapping and imaging select regions within a library of ultrathin sections. This automated method selects and directs imaging of corresponding regions within each section of an ultrathin section library (UTSL) that may contain many thousands of sections. Using WaferMapper, it is possible to map thousands of tissue sections at low resolution and target multiple points of interest for high resolution imaging based on anatomical landmarks. The program can also be used to expand previously imaged regions, acquire data under different imaging conditions, or re-image after additional tissue treatments.

}, issn = {1662-5110}, doi = {10.3389/fncir.2014.00068}, author = {Hayworth, Kenneth J and Morgan, Josh L and Schalek, Richard and Berger, Daniel R and Hildebrand, David G C and Lichtman, Jeff W} }