@article {67793,
	title = {Circuits for integrating learned and innate valences in the insect brain.},
	journal = {eLife},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Nov 10},
	abstract = {<p>Animal behavior is shaped both by evolution and by individual experience. Parallel brain pathways encode innate and learned valences of cues, but the way in which they are integrated during action-selection is not well understood. We used electron microscopy to comprehensively map with synaptic resolution all neurons downstream of all Mushroom Body output neurons (encoding learned valences) and characterized their patterns of interaction with Lateral Horn neurons (encoding innate valences) in larva. The connectome revealed multiple types that receive convergent Mushroom Body and Lateral Horn inputs. A subset of these receives excitatory input from positive-valence MB and LH pathways and inhibitory input from negative-valence MB pathways. We confirmed functional connectivity from LH and MB pathways and behavioral roles of two of these neurons. These neurons encode integrated odor value and bidirectionally regulate turning. Based on this we speculate that learning could potentially skew the balance of excitation and inhibition onto these neurons and thereby modulate turning. Together, our study provides insights into the circuits that integrate learned and innate valences to modify behavior.</p>
},
	issn = {2050-084X},
	doi = {10.7554/eLife.62567},
	author = {Eschbach, Claire and Fushiki, Akira and Winding, Michael and Afonso, Bruno and Andrade, Ingrid V and Cocanougher, Benjamin T and Eichler, Katharina and Gepner, Ruben and Si, Guangwei and Valdes-Aleman, Javier and Fetter, Richard D and Gershow, Marc and Jefferis, Gregory Sxe and Samuel, Aravinthan Dt and Truman, James W and Cardona, Albert and Zlatic, Marta}
}
@article {47486,
	title = {The wiring diagram of a glomerular olfactory system.},
	journal = {eLife},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 May 13},
	abstract = {<p>The sense of smell enables animals to react to long-distance cues according to learned and innate valences. Here, we have mapped with electron microscopy the complete wiring diagram of the Drosophila larval antennal lobe, an olfactory neuropil similar to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. We found a canonical circuit with uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs) relaying gain-controlled ORN activity to the mushroom body and the lateral horn. A second, parallel circuit with multiglomerular projection neurons (mPNs) and hierarchically connected local neurons (LNs) selectively integrates multiple ORN signals already at the first synapse. LN-LN synaptic connections putatively implement a bistable gain control mechanism that either computes odor saliency through panglomerular inhibition, or allows some glomeruli to respond to faint aversive odors in the presence of strong appetitive odors. This complete wiring diagram will support experimental and theoretical studies towards bridging the gap between circuits and behavior.</p>
},
	issn = {2050-084X},
	doi = {10.7554/eLife.14859},
	author = {Berck, Matthew E and Khandelwal, Avinash and Claus, Lindsey and Hernandez-Nunez, Luis and Si, Guangwei and Tabone, Christopher J and Li, Feng and Truman, James W and Fetter, Richard D and Louis, Matthieu and Samuel, Aravinthan Dt and Cardona, Albert}
}
