@article {65373,
	title = {Recurrent architecture for adaptive regulation of learning in the insect brain.},
	journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Mar 23},
	pages = {544-55},
	abstract = {<p>Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) drive learning across the animal kingdom, but the upstream circuits that regulate their activity and thereby learning remain poorly understood. We provide a synaptic-resolution connectome of the circuitry upstream of all DANs in a learning center, the mushroom body of Drosophila larva. We discover afferent sensory pathways and a large population of neurons that provide feedback from mushroom body output neurons and link distinct memory systems (aversive and appetitive). We combine this with functional studies of DANs and their presynaptic partners and with comprehensive circuit modeling. We find that DANs compare convergent feedback from aversive and appetitive systems, which enables the computation of integrated predictions that may improve future learning. Computational modeling reveals that the discovered feedback motifs increase model flexibility and performance on learning tasks. Our study provides the most detailed view to date of biological circuit motifs that support associative learning.</p>
},
	issn = {1546-1726},
	doi = {10.1038/s41593-020-0607-9},
	author = {Eschbach, Claire and Fushiki, Akira and Winding, Michael and Schneider-Mizell, Casey M and Shao, Mei and Arruda, Rebecca and Eichler, Katharina and Valdes-Aleman, Javier and Ohyama, Tomoko and Thum, Andreas S and Gerber, Bertram and Fetter, Richard D and Truman, James W and Litwin-Kumar, Ashok and Cardona, Albert and Zlatic, Marta and Cardona, Albert and Zlatic, Marta}
}
@article {47935,
	title = {Competitive disinhibition mediates behavioral choice and sequences in Drosophila.},
	journal = {Cell},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Oct 5},
	pages = {858-70},
	abstract = {<p>Even a simple sensory stimulus can elicit distinct innate behaviors and sequences. During sensorimotor decisions, competitive interactions among neurons that promote distinct behaviors must ensure the selection and maintenance of one behavior, while suppressing others. The circuit implementation of these competitive interactions is still an open question. By combining comprehensive electron microscopy reconstruction of inhibitory interneuron networks, modeling, electrophysiology, and behavioral studies, we determined the circuit mechanisms that\&nbsp;contribute to the Drosophila larval sensorimotor decision to startle, explore, or perform a sequence of the two in response to a mechanosensory stimulus. Together, these studies reveal that, early in sensory processing, (1) reciprocally connected feedforward inhibitory interneurons implement behavioral choice, (2) local feedback disinhibition provides positive feedback that consolidates and maintains the chosen behavior, and (3) lateral disinhibition promotes sequence transitions. The combination of these interconnected circuit motifs can implement both behavior selection and the serial organization of behaviors into a sequence.</p>
},
	issn = {1097-4172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.009},
	author = {Jovanic, Tihana and Schneider-Mizell, Casey M and Shao, Mei and Masson, Jean-Baptiste and Denisov, Gennady and Fetter, Richard D and Mensh, Brett D and Truman, James W and Cardona, Albert and Zlatic, Marta}
}
